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- $Unique_ID{BRK03588}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{CHARGE Association}
- $Subject{CHARGE Association Choanal Atresia, Posterior PCA Coloboma, Heart
- Anomaly, Choanal Atresia, Retardation, Genital and Ear Anomalies. Congenital
- Heart Diseases, including Atrio-Septal or Ventriculo-Septal Defects}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 550:
- CHARGE Association
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (CHARGE Association) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
- find alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Choanal Atresia, Posterior
- PCA
- Coloboma, Heart Anomaly, Choanal Atresia, Retardation, Genital and Ear
- Anomalies.
-
- The following disorders may be associated with CHARGE Association as
- secondary characteristics:
-
- Congenital Heart Diseases, including Atrio-Septal or Ventriculo-Septal
- Defects
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- CHARGE Association is a very rare disorder characterized by a variety of
- symptoms. At least four of the following six characteristics are necessary
- for the diagnosis of CHARGE Association: (1) Absence of some eye tissue,
- including the iris (Coloboma); (2) Heart disease; (3) Absence of the opening
- between the nasal cavity and the back of the throat (Atresia of the choanae);
- (4) Retarded growth and development and central nervous system abnormalities;
- (5) underdevelopment of the Genitals; (6) Ear abnormalities and loss of
- hearing. The first initials of Coloboma, Heart, Atresia, Retardation,
- Genitals and Ear, compose the word CHARGE.
-
- Approximately 75% of males with CHARGE Association have an abnormally
- small penis and a lack of development of the testicle, which may result in an
- inadequate secretion of pituitary hormone.
-
- Symptoms
-
- CHARGE Association is characterized by a variety of inborn abnormalities.
- The presence of at least four of the six most common abnormalities is
- required for diagnosis of CHARGE Association.
-
- Coloboma:
- Coloboma is a term referring to the absence of some eye tissue, including
- the colored circle around the eye's pupil (iris) or in the optic nerve.
-
- Heart:
- About 80% of patients with this disorder have inborn heart disease,
- characterized by developmental abnormalities in the large artery (aorta)
- (e.g., patent ductus arteriosus) which normally carries blood from the heart
- to other parts of the body or in the heart (e.g., ventricular septal defect).
-
- the nasal cavity and the back of the throat (choana).
-
- Retardation:
- Retarded growth and development can occur as well as central nervous
- system abnormalities.
-
- Genitals:
- Sex organs may be underdeveloped.
-
- Ears:
- Abnormally short wide ears with other distinctive abnormalities may
- develop. Sometimes the shape of the right and left ears may differ. Hearing
- may be impaired to various degrees, ranging from mild to severe loss of
- hearing.
-
- Causes
-
- CHARGE Association is, in some cases, a hereditary disorder transmitted
- through autosomal recessive genes. In some studies this disorder was found
- to occur in more than one member of a family. (Human traits including the
- classic genetic diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes for
- that condition, one received from the father and one from the mother. In
- recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person inherits
- the same defective gene from each parent. If one receives one normal gene
- and one gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier for the disease,
- but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of transmitting the disease to
- the children of a couple, both of whom are carriers for a recessive disorder,
- is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of their children will be carriers,
- but healthy as described above. Twenty-five percent of their children will
- receive both normal genes, one from each parent and will be genetically
- normal.)
-
- Affected Population
-
- CHARGE Association is a very rare disorder affecting only approximately 200
- persons in the United States. The disorder affects twice as many females as
- males.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- The following disorders may be associated with CHARGE Association as
- secondary characteristics. They are not necessary for a differential
- diagnosis:
-
- Congenital Heart Diseases characterized by an abnormal opening in the
- dividing wall between the heart chambers (atrio-septal or ventriculo-septal
- defects) can cause serious abnormalities in heart function. These defects
- can occur alone as well as in association with other birth defects including
- CHARGE Association.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Diagnosis of CHARGE Association is confirmed when at least four of the six
- main characteristics of this disorder are identified in a patient. Surgical
- repair of the defects in the dividing walls between heart chambers or in the
- aorta and/or its arch as well as some of the other abnormalities, can be
- beneficial. A full heart evaluation is recommended for all children with
- coloboma and/or choanal atresia, in whom CHARGE Association is a possible
- diagnosis. Heart specialists should evaluate patients with defects in the
- big arteries just outside the heart (conotruncal or aortic arch defects), and
- abnormalities in other parts of the body for the possible diagnosis of CHARGE
- Association.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through August
- 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on CHARGE Association, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- CHARGE Syndrome Booklet
- Quota Club
- 2004 Parkade Blvd.
- Columbia, MO 65202
-
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5133
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1986. Pp. 887-888.
-
- THE PATTERN OF CARDIOVASCULAR MALFORMATION IN CHARGE ASSOCIATION: A.E.
- Lin, et al.; American Journal Dis Child (September 1987: issue 141(9)). Pp.
- 1010-1013.
-
- THE CHARGE ASSOCIATION. HOW WELL CAN THEY DO? E. Goldson, et al.;
- American Journal Dis Child (September 1986: issue 140(9)). Pp. 918-921.
-
- FAMILIAL CHARGE SYNDROME: CLINICAL REPORT WITH AUTOPSY FINDINGS: L.A.
- Metlay, et al.; American Journal Med Genet (March 1987: issue 26(3)). Pp.
- 577-581.
-
-